介绍
web开发者对于响应头(Response Headers)中Content-Type肯定不会陌生。
一个http请求返回时，浏览器可以通过Content-Type判断返回的资源属于哪种MIME Type媒体类型，从而决定如何响应该资源。
但实际上，Content-Type并不一定要严格遵守，浏览器会在一些情况下会自行处理。
所有的MIME Type，也即所有的Content-Type可能情况，可以通过一个官方的媒体类型清单查看到。 该清单由IANA维护着，它是制定MIME Type的权威机构。
下面会根据资源的媒体类型，给出一个比较常见的MIME Type对照表。其中有两个最主要的类型:
- text/plain 是文本文件的默认值。文本文件应当是人类可读的，不包含二进制数据。
- application/octet-stream 是所有非文本的默认值。有未知的文件类型时就可以使用此类型。浏览器在处理该类型文件时会特别小心。
文本 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .css | Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) | text/css |
| .js | JavaScript | text/javascript，推荐使用application/javascript |
| .htm .html | HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | text/html |
| .xml | Extensible Markup Language (XML) | text/xml，也可以使用application/xml |
| .csv | Comma-separated values (CSV) | text/csv |
| .ics | iCalendar format | text/calendar |
| .md | markdown | text/markdown |
| .rtf | Rich Text Format | text/rtf |
图片 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .bmp | 位图 | image/bmp |
| .gif | Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) | image/gif |
| .jpeg .jpg | JPEG images | image/jpeg |
| .png | Portable Network Graphics | image/png |
| .svg | Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | image/svg+xml |
| .tiff | Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) | image/tiff |
| .webp | WEBP image | image/webp |
视频 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .avi | AVI: Audio Video Interleave | video/x-msvideo |
| .mp4 | mp4 format | video/mp4 |
| .mov | quicktime | video/quicktime |
| .mpeg | MPEG Video | video/mpeg |
| .ogv | OGG video | video/ogg |
| .webm | WEBM video | video/webm |
| .3gp | 3GPP audio/video container | video/3gpp，不包含视频时为 audio/3gpp |
| .3g2 | 3GPP2 audio/video container | video/3gpp2，不包含视频时为 audio/3gpp2 |
音频 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .aac | AAC audio | audio/aac |
| .mid .midi | Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) | audio/midi |
| .oga | OGG audio | audio/ogg |
| .wav | Waveform Audio Format | audio/wav |
| .weba | WEBM audio | audio/webm |
字体 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .otf | OpenType font | font/otf |
| .ttf | TrueType Font | font/ttf |
| .woff | Web Open Font Format (WOFF) | font/woff |
| .woff2 | Web Open Font Format (WOFF) | font/woff2 |
微软系列产品, 属于application的一部分:
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .doc | application/msword | |
| .dot | application/msword | |
| .docx | Microsoft Office Word 2007 document | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
| .docm | Office Word 2007 macro-enabled document | application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12 |
| .dotx | Office Word 2007 template | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template |
| .dotm | Office Word 2007 macro-enabled document template | application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12 |
| .xls | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| .xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| .xla | application/vnd.ms-excel | |
| .xlsx | Microsoft Office Excel 2007 workbook | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet |
| .xlsm | Office Excel 2007 macro-enabled workbook | application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12 |
| .xltx | Office Excel 2007 template | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template |
| .xltm | Office Excel 2007 macro-enabled workbook template | application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12 |
| .xlsb | Office Excel 2007 binary workbook | application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12 |
| .xlam | Office Excel 2007 add-in | application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12 |
| .ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| .pot | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| .pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| .ppa | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | |
| .pptx | Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 presentation | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation |
| .pptm | Office PowerPoint 2007 macro-enabled presentation | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12 |
| .ppsx | Office PowerPoint 2007 slide show | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow |
| .ppsm | Office PowerPoint 2007 macro-enabled slide show | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12 |
| .potx | Office PowerPoint 2007 template | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template |
| .potm | Office PowerPoint 2007 macro-enabled presentation template | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12 |
| .ppam | Office PowerPoint 2007 add-in | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12 |
| .sldx | Office PowerPoint 2007 slide | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide |
| .sldm | Office PowerPoint 2007 macro-enabled slide | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12 |
| .one | Microsoft Office OneNote 2007 section | application/msonenote |
| .onetoc2 | Office OneNote 2007 TOC | application/msonenote |
| .onetmp | Office OneNote 2007 temporary file | application/msonenote |
| .onepkg | Office OneNote 2007 package | application/msonenote |
| .thmx | 2007 Office system release theme | application/vnd.ms-officetheme |
| .mdb | Office Access | application/vnd.ms-access |
其他application类型 :
| Extension | Kind of document | MIME Type |
|---|---|---|
| .azw | Amazon Kindle eBook format | application/vnd.amazon.ebook |
| .mpkg | Apple Installer Package | application/vnd.apple.installer+xml |
| .abw | AbiWord document | application/x-abiword |
| .odt | OpenDocument text document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text |
| .odp | OpenDocument presentation document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation |
| .ods | OpenDocument spreadsheet document | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet |
| .arc | Archive document (multiple files embedded) | application/octet-stream |
| .bin | Any kind of binary data | application/octet-stream |
| .epub | Electronic publication (EPUB) | application/epub+zip |
| .es | ECMAScript (IANA Specification) | application/ecmascript |
| .js | JavaScript | application/javascript |
| .json | JSON format | application/json |
| Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) | application/pdf | |
| .rtf | Rich Text Format (RTF) | application/rtf |
| .sh | Bourne shell script | application/x-sh |
| .swf | Small web format (SWF) or Adobe Flash document | application/x-shockwave-flash |
| .xhtml | XHTML | application/xhtml+xml |
| .xml | XML | application/xml |
| .jar | Java Archive (JAR) | application/java-archive |
| .rar | RAR archive | application/x-rar-compressed |
| .tar | Tape Archive (TAR) | application/x-tar |
| .zip | ZIP archive | application/zip |
| .7z | 7-zip archive | application/x-7z-compressed |
| .bz | BZip archive | application/x-bzip |
| .bz2 | BZip2 archive | application/x-bzip2 |